Sudan

Sudan is located in northeastern Africa and is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world. After gaining its independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956, Sudan Suffered through seventeen years of civil war followed by intense conflicts driven by ethnic, religious, and economic struggles. The second civil war began in 1983 due to political and military struggles and was finally seized by Omar al-Bashir through a brutal coup d’état.
In recent years, Sudan then achieved great economic growth by implementing macroeconomic reforms and finally ended the civil war by adopting a new constitution in 2005 with rebel groups in the south, granting them limited autonomy to be followed by a referendum about independence in 2011. Rich in natural resources such as petroleum and crude oil, Sudan's economy is currently amongst the fastest growing in the world. China and Japan are the main export partners of Sudan.
Sudan is a member of the United Nations, as well as the AU, LAS, OIC and NAM, as well as serving as an observer in WTO. Its capital city is Khartoum, which poses as the political, cultural and commercial center of the nation. Sudan's has a population of 42 million people: 52% African, 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 2% foreigners, and 1% other. Sunni Islam is the official and largest religion and Arabic and English are the official languages, but other languages such as Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Nilotic, and Nilo Hamitic, and Sudantic languages are spoken throughout different regions of the county. Sunni Muslims in the north make up 70% of the religious population, Christians make up about 5% (south and Khartoum), and the remaining 25% consist of indigenous religious beliefs.
Sudan is recognized as more an authoritarian government rather than a democracy. In the presidential election of 2010, which was the first democratic election with multiple political parties in 24 years. Despite this historical movement, man pro-democracy activists claimed they experienced intimidation by al-Bashir’s government. Al-Bashir was declared the winner of the election, but the process was definitely chaotic and manipulated.
Sudan, in regards to human rights does not have an excellent track record. The conflicts of human rights abuses in astronomical in Darfur. The violent acts against humanity and genocide have continued despite the 2006 Darfur Peace Agreement between the government and Minni Minawi's faction of the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army. The ICC has issued and arrest warrant for president Al-Bashir in 2009 for indirectly participating in crimes against humanity. Throughout the region of Darfur government-aligned militias have murdered and severely injured civilians. These militias have knowingly attacked villages, raped woman and child, destroyed civilian property, and used children as soldiers. In Southern Sudan, serious human rights abuses were reported during 2009, which included extrajudicial killings, physical abuse, and rape by the SPLA. Not to mention poor prison and detention center conditions; subjective arrest; lengthy pretrial detention; use of child soldiers; abduction of women and children; restrictions on media freedom; forced evictions without due process; and child labor. Interethnic violence was a severe problem (US State Department report). The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) who came from northern Uganda and sought out refuge in Southern Sudan, have also attacked villages and killed and abducted civilians in the south.